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Steel turning is one of the large areas of processing, almost all workshops have the process, which means that steel parts regardless of material type, workpiece type, process type and batch size have applications. This is mainly used for ISO P25 application range of parts processing, the processing conditions from good to poor, improve processing performance is essential. Since the introduction of coated indexable inserts, a blade material has been the conventional solution for this wide range of applications. The P25 material can be continuously improved. This is the general steel turning material, which can also optimize a large number of processes. Today, the performance has been significantly improved through tool material innovation, which exceeds any similar material improvement in the past.
Harsh environment
The cutting edge of any tool is subjected to heat and pressure. Cutting process, the workpiece material close to the cutting edge at the same time, the first cutting edge in the main knife. Then, after the main cutting edge, the rake face plays the main role in the flow of iron chips. Auxiliary shear surface for large amount of energy transfer. In turning of steel parts, the resultant force is large (1,400~3,100 N/mm2, depending on the type of steel) and the temperature is high (up to 1,000 degrees Celsius). It is in the iron chip flow area that the ability of the tool material is tested to determine the main impact of the machining operation.
 
The tool material combination of the chip edge groove and the chip breaking groove on the indexable insert at a short distance along the edge line determines the shear stress effect, because the chip load on the entire surface is concentrated, and then takes away most of the heat generated during processing. Friction is a major factor, so the iron contact surface and the texture of the blade surface play an important role in performance.
 
The wear mechanism of the iron chip flow zone in steel processing is mainly chemical melting, and there is a tendency of partial plastic deformation. Diffusion wear is the main feature of high-speed cutting, and there is also abrasive wear, which mainly occurs in the gap surface of the blade, and these wear are continuous and controllable. Steel turning must be continuous and controllable wear, such as the main plastic deformation, hot cracking and groove wear.

 
Steel turning
Steel turning is a common machining application worldwide and is used in many metalworking workshops. However, due to the use of a variety of materials, from non-alloy steel, low alloy steel to high alloy steel, from soft viscous materials to hard abrasive materials, etc., the physical properties and conditions are varied. The materials of bars, pipes, forgings, castings, rolled, drawn, untreated, tempered and pre-processed workpieces are different, and the machinability grades are obviously different. These fall within the scope of ISO P25 applications for turning steel parts. Taking into account the different wear mechanisms of different steel parts, it is not possible to use one blade material to cope with all processing applications. Therefore, the entire field (whether it is small workshop small batch production or large workshop mass production) production types are different, it is impossible to use the same processing technology.
 
However, since 1970, the introduction of coated carbide materials, steel turning has made revolutionary progress. Over the years, six generations of P25 materials have been developed to continuously improve processing performance and greatly improve manufacturing efficiency. Through the use of common steel turning materials, can be optimized for a variety of applications. The seventh generation P25 blade material is making performance upgrades.
 
It is no exaggeration to develop a new generation of P25 blade material for steel cutting, which has completely changed the rules of the game in the manufacturing industry. This is a major advance in cutting tool material science, which can meet the needs of modern production and overcome many technical difficulties: tool life predictability, continuity of quality of machined parts and higher cutting speeds.
 
This new achievement is entirely due to the intensive and rich research and development of coated carbide blades, not only in material science, but also in application analysis and blade manufacturing processes. When designing new steel turning materials, many factors need to be evaluated and studied, including raw materials, hard particle mixtures, binders, particle size, matrix gradient design, and more importantly, coating technology.